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=== Token Bucket Extensions === While the basic idea of Linux-VServer is a peaceful coexistence of all contexts, sharing the common resources in a respectful way, it is sometimes useful to control the resource distribution for resource hungry processes. The basic principle of a Token Bucket is not very new. It is given here as an example for the Hard CPU Limit. The same principle also applies to scheduler priorities, network bandwidth limitation and resource control in general. The Hard CPU Limit uses this mechanism in the following way: consider a bucket of a certain size S which is filled with a specified amount of tokens R every interval T, until the bucket is "full" - excess tokens are spilled. At each timer tick, a running process consumes exactly one token from the bucket, unless the bucket is empty, in which case the process is put on a hold queue until the bucket has been refilled with a minimum M of tokens. The process is then rescheduled. A major advantage of a Token Bucket is that a certain amount of tokens can be accumulated in times of quiescence, which later can be used to burst when resources are required. Where a per-process Token Bucket would allow for a CPU resource limitation of a single process, a Context Token Bucket allows to control the CPU usage of all confined processes. Another approach, which is also implemented, is to use the current fill level of the bucket to adjust the process priority, thus reducing the priority of processes belonging to excessive contexts.
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